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Horizontal Directional Drilling

HDD Locating Systems

HDD locating systems — sonde and receiver illustration
Locating in HDD: tracking the drill bit from the surface during the pilot bore

Steering the tool that opens the pilot hole underground and producing the designed bore profile is the most critical stage of HDD. The locating system must be chosen specifically for the project. The best path to a successful crossing is to work with a crew that has proven experience on similar crossings.

A good HDD contractor should gather the necessary data before the crossing and present the planned bore profile to the client with its reasoning. A professional approach requires foresight. That foresight should be discussed with the client, and the construction design produced after consultation. Experience has shown that one-sided designs can end in serious disasters. An ideal HDD crew shares the locating system it will use, and its limits, with the client.

Let us now take a closer look at these locating techniques…

How do you choose the right locating system?

Choosing the locating system starts with three questions: can the route be walked at the surface, how deep and how long is the crossing, and what accuracy is required? For urban, short and medium-distance HDD projects, walk-over locating is sufficient and economical. On long and deep routes under rivers, straits, motorways or plants, where there is no surface access, the magnetic guidance system is the only option. In areas dense with interference sources — high-voltage lines, steel structures, metro lines — the wireline system also gives more reliable results.

Deltek operates both systems with its own crews and has the experience of hitting the target on crossings of more than 2,000 metres with Trutracker® and Paratrack® magnetic systems. The choice of system and its limits are shared with the client at the tender stage, and the bore profile is designed within those limits.

Walk-over versus magnetic locating

Typical application limits of the two methods. Values vary with equipment and ground; the final choice is made project by project.

CriterionWalk-overMagnetic (wireline)
Position dataReceiver at the surface, walking above the sondeWire through the rods, referenced to a surface coil
Typical depthUp to 15–20 m (depends on sonde power)Practically unlimited; river and sea crossings
Surface accessRequired — the route must be walkableNot required — rivers, motorways, plants
Sonde powerBattery; limited durationFrom the wire; unlimited
AccuracyGood; drops with interferenceVery high; the only option on long, deep bores
Cost and crewLow; one locatorHigh; trained engineer and extra equipment
Suitable projectsUrban, short to medium distanceLong distance, river/strait, critical accuracy

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